Winterize Inground Pool Like a Pro: 7 Must-Do Steps

Preparing Your Inground Pool for Winter’s Chill: A Crucial Investment

As the leaves change and temperatures begin to dip, it’s time to turn your attention to a critical task for any inground pool owner: winterization. Failing to properly prepare your pool for the harsh winter months can lead to costly damage from freezing temperatures.

Ignoring this essential maintenance can result in cracked tiles, burst pipes, and even structural damage to the pool itself. These repairs can easily run into thousands of dollars, not to mention the headache and inconvenience they cause.

The High Cost of Neglect

Freezing water expands, and that expansion can exert tremendous force on your pool’s structure and plumbing. Think of it as a slow-motion explosion happening within your pool’s infrastructure.

Proper winterization protects your investment by mitigating these risks. It’s a proactive measure that ensures your pool survives the winter unscathed.

Reap the Rewards: Saving Time and Money

The benefits of proper winterization extend far beyond preventing damage. A well-winterized pool is significantly easier and less expensive to open in the spring.

You’ll avoid the unpleasant surprise of a green, algae-filled mess. Instead, you’ll find a pool that’s relatively clean and ready to be brought back to life with minimal effort.

This translates into less time spent cleaning and balancing chemicals, and less money spent on expensive treatments. In essence, winterization is an investment in future enjoyment.

Seven Essential Steps to Winterizing Your Inground Pool

This guide will walk you through the seven essential steps to winterizing your inground pool effectively. By following these steps carefully, you can rest assured that your pool will be well-protected throughout the winter, ready for you to enjoy again when the warm weather returns. The steps include:

1. Lowering the Water Level
2. Balancing Water Chemistry
3. Adding Winterizing Chemicals
4. Thorough Cleaning
5. Plumbing Protection
6. Covering Your Pool
7. Winter Monitoring

Step 1: Lowering the Water Level – Finding the Sweet Spot

With the importance of winterizing firmly established, let’s dive into the first crucial step: lowering the water level. This seemingly simple task plays a vital role in protecting your inground pool from the damaging effects of freezing temperatures.

Why Lower the Water Level?

The primary reason for lowering the water level is to create space for ice expansion. When water freezes, it expands in volume. If your pool is filled to its normal operating level, the expanding ice can exert tremendous pressure on the pool’s walls, tile, and plumbing.

This pressure can lead to:

• Cracked tiles
• Compromised pool structure
• Damaged skimmers

By lowering the water level, you provide an expansion buffer, minimizing the risk of ice-related damage.

Determining the Ideal Water Level

The appropriate water level depends on your pool’s construction, specifically whether or not it has tile.

• Pools with Tile: If your pool has tile around the perimeter, lower the water level below the lowest tile line. This protects the tile from cracking due to ice expansion behind the tile.

• Pools without Tile: For pools without tile, aim to lower the water level approximately 12-18 inches below the skimmer opening. This is generally below the return jets as well.

  This prevents water from entering and freezing in the skimmer and return lines, which can cause them to crack.

Draining the Water: Two Effective Methods

You have two primary options for draining the water: using your existing pool pump or employing a submersible pump.

Utilizing Your Pool Pump

If your pool pump is in good working order, this is usually the simplest method.

1. Connect your pool vacuum hose to the skimmer.
2. Place the other end of the hose where you want the water to drain (ensure proper drainage away from the pool and house foundation).
3. Set your multiport valve to the "waste" or "drain" setting. Do not run the pump on any other setting.
4. Turn on the pump and monitor the water level.
5. Once the desired level is reached, turn off the pump and disconnect the hose.

Be sure to monitor the pump to prevent it from running dry. Also, periodically check to make sure the draining water is not causing an erosion or flooding problem.

Employing a Submersible Pump

A submersible pump is a self-contained unit designed for draining water. This is a good option if your pool pump is not working or you need to drain a large volume of water quickly.

1. Place the submersible pump in the deepest part of the pool.
2. Attach a garden hose to the pump’s outlet.
3. Place the other end of the hose where you want the water to drain.
4. Plug in the pump and monitor the water level.
5. Once the desired level is reached, unplug the pump and remove it from the pool.

Ensure the pump is rated for the volume of water you need to remove.

With the water level properly lowered, you’ve set the stage for a successful winterization process, protecting your pool from the potential devastation of freezing temperatures.

With the water level properly lowered, you’ve created the necessary physical space to protect your pool from ice expansion. But preparing your pool for winter goes beyond just physical adjustments.

Step 2: Balancing Water Chemistry – Setting the Stage for Winter

Achieving and maintaining balanced water chemistry is absolutely vital before closing your pool for the winter. Think of it as preparing your pool for a long hibernation. Imbalances left unchecked can lead to significant problems when you reopen in the spring, potentially costing you time, effort, and money to rectify.

Why Balanced Chemistry Matters

Leaving your pool water unbalanced during the winter can cause a host of issues:

• Scale Buildup: Improper pH or calcium hardness can lead to scale formation on pool surfaces and equipment.
• Staining: Unbalanced water can cause unsightly stains on your pool liner or plaster.
• Algae Growth: Even in colder temperatures, algae can still thrive in poorly maintained water.
• Equipment Corrosion: Imbalances can accelerate the corrosion of metal components in your pool system.

Ideal Chemical Levels for Winter

Aim for these target ranges when balancing your pool water before closing:

• pH: 7.2 – 7.6. This is crucial for the effectiveness of other chemicals and prevents corrosion or scaling.
• Alkalinity: 80 – 120 ppm (parts per million). Proper alkalinity acts as a buffer, preventing drastic pH swings.
• Calcium Hardness: 200 – 400 ppm. This range helps prevent etching of plaster or corrosion of metal parts.
• Cyanuric Acid (CYA): 30-50 ppm. CYA is a stabilizer for chlorine, helping it last longer, but too much can reduce chlorine’s effectiveness.
  • Note: If you use a non-chlorine sanitizer, ensure its level is appropriate for winterization according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Testing Your Water

The first step is to accurately assess your current water chemistry.

• Testing Kits: Use a reliable test kit (liquid or strip-based) to measure pH, alkalinity, calcium hardness, and cyanuric acid. Liquid test kits are generally more accurate than test strips.
• Professional Testing: Consider taking a water sample to your local pool supply store for professional testing. They can provide a detailed analysis and recommendations.

Test your water at least a week before closing to allow enough time for adjustments.

Adjusting Your Water Chemistry

Once you know your water’s chemical levels, it’s time to make the necessary adjustments. Always follow the product instructions carefully when adding chemicals.

• Adjusting pH: Use pH increaser (sodium carbonate) to raise pH or pH decreaser (sodium bisulfate or muriatic acid) to lower it. Add chemicals in small increments, retesting after each addition until you reach the target range.
• Adjusting Alkalinity: Use alkalinity increaser (sodium bicarbonate) to raise alkalinity. Add it gradually and retest.
• Adjusting Calcium Hardness: Use calcium chloride to increase calcium hardness.
• Reducing CYA: The only way to lower CYA is to partially drain and refill your pool with fresh water. If your CYA level is too high, this is a critical step before adding winterizing chemicals.

Remember to circulate the water for several hours after adding chemicals to ensure proper distribution. Allow the chemicals to fully incorporate into your pool water before retesting.

With the water level properly lowered, you’ve created the necessary physical space to protect your pool from ice expansion. But preparing your pool for winter goes beyond just physical adjustments.

Step 3: Adding Winterizing Chemicals – Guarding Against Algae and Scale

Once your water is balanced, the next crucial step involves adding winterizing chemicals. These specialized treatments act as your pool’s defense force against the challenges of the off-season, preventing issues like algae blooms and scale buildup that can plague your pool during its dormant period.

Understanding Winterizing Chemicals

The two primary chemicals you’ll need are winter algaecide and a pool shock treatment.

• Winter Algaecide: Unlike regular algaecides, winter algaecides are formulated to work effectively in colder water temperatures. They prevent algae from taking hold during the winter, even though growth is slower.

• Pool Shock: Shock treatments are designed to oxidize organic contaminants and kill any lingering bacteria or algae. A final shock treatment before closing ensures a clean slate going into winter.

Choosing the Right Chemicals and Quantities

Selecting the appropriate chemicals and quantities depends on several factors, including your pool’s size (in gallons) and any specific water conditions. Always refer to the product label for precise dosage instructions, as concentrations can vary between brands.

Here’s a general guide:

• Algaecide: Choose a polyquat algaecide, which is highly effective and less prone to foaming. Use the dosage recommended for winterizing, typically higher than the regular maintenance dose.

• Shock: Use a non-chlorine shock (potassium monopersulfate) to avoid chlorine lock over the winter months, or a stabilized chlorine shock treatment with cyanuric acid (CYA) if that is what is suitable for your water chemistry. Calculate the amount needed to reach a "shock" level of chlorine, typically 10-15 ppm.

• Pool Size Matters: The amount of chemicals you add depends greatly on the size of your pool. For example, a 20,000-gallon pool needs double the amount of chemicals compared to a 10,000-gallon pool.

It’s always best to consult with a pool professional or your local pool supply store for personalized recommendations.

Step-by-Step Instructions for Chemical Application

Follow these steps for safely and effectively adding winterizing chemicals:

1. Read the Labels: Carefully read the instructions and safety precautions on each chemical product label before you begin.

2. Gather Supplies: Have all the necessary chemicals, measuring cups, buckets, and safety gear (gloves and eye protection) readily available.

3. Dilute (If Necessary): Some chemicals require dilution before adding them to the pool. Follow the product instructions carefully. Never mix chemicals together.

4. Add Algaecide: Slowly pour the recommended amount of winter algaecide into the pool, distributing it evenly around the perimeter.

5. Add Shock: After adding the algaecide, broadcast the shock treatment across the surface of the pool water.

6. Run the Pump: Run your pool pump for at least 2-4 hours after adding the chemicals to ensure proper circulation and distribution. This helps the chemicals reach all areas of the pool.

Safety First: Always add chemicals to water, never water to chemicals, to avoid dangerous reactions. Store chemicals in a cool, dry place, away from children and pets. Always wear gloves and eye protection when handling pool chemicals.

With the water level properly lowered, you’ve created the necessary physical space to protect your pool from ice expansion. But preparing your pool for winter goes beyond just physical adjustments.

Step 3: Adding Winterizing Chemicals – Guarding Against Algae and Scale
Once your water is balanced, the next crucial step involves adding winterizing chemicals. These specialized treatments act as your pool’s defense force against the challenges of the off-season, preventing issues like algae blooms and scale buildup that can plague your pool during its dormant period.

Understanding Winterizing Chemicals
The two primary chemicals you’ll need are winter algaecide and a pool shock treatment.

Winter Algaecide: Unlike regular algaecides, winter algaecides are formulated to work effectively in colder water temperatures. They prevent algae from taking hold during the winter, even though growth is slower.

Pool Shock: Shock treatments are designed to oxidize organic contaminants and kill any lingering bacteria or algae. A final shock treatment before closing ensures a clean slate going into winter.

Choosing the Right Chemicals and Quantities
Selecting the appropriate chemicals and quantities depends on several factors, including your pool’s size (in gallons) and any specific water conditions. Always refer to the product label for precise dosage instructions, as concentrations can vary between brands.

Here’s a general guide:

Algaecide: Choose a polyquat algaecide, which is highly effective and less prone to foaming. Use the dosage recommended for winterizing, typically higher than the regular maintenance dose.

Shock: Use a non-chlorine shock (potassium monopersulfate) to avoid chlorine lock over the…

Step 4: Thorough Cleaning – Removing Debris for a Pristine Spring

Before you button up your inground pool for the winter, a thorough cleaning is absolutely essential. Think of it as setting the stage for a pristine pool opening next spring.

Leaving debris behind is an invitation for problems.

Organic matter like leaves, twigs, and dirt can stain the pool surface, cloud the water, and provide a breeding ground for algae and bacteria.

These unwelcome guests can wreak havoc over the winter months, making spring startup a major headache. A comprehensive cleaning routine is key to preventing this.

The Three-Pronged Cleaning Approach

The goal is to eliminate as much organic material and sediment as possible. This involves a three-pronged approach: skimming, vacuuming, and brushing.

Each method targets different types of debris and different areas of the pool. Together, they create a clean, stable environment for the off-season.

Skimming the Surface

Start by skimming the surface of the pool. Use a leaf skimmer to remove any floating debris like leaves, insects, and twigs.

Pay close attention to corners and areas where debris tends to accumulate. Skimming is most effective when done regularly, even in the weeks leading up to closing.

Vacuuming the Depths

Next, vacuum the entire pool floor. A pool vacuum, whether manual or automatic, is crucial for removing settled debris like dirt, sand, and smaller organic particles.

Manual vacuums require more effort but allow for targeted cleaning of problem areas.

Automatic vacuums offer convenience, cleaning the pool floor independently. Whichever type you use, ensure you cover the entire surface, overlapping each pass to ensure no spots are missed.

Brushing the Walls and Floor

Finally, brush the walls and floor of the pool with a pool brush. This helps to loosen any stubborn algae or dirt particles that may be clinging to the surfaces.

Pay particular attention to areas that are prone to algae growth, such as corners, steps, and around fittings.

Brushing also helps to distribute any remaining winterizing chemicals evenly throughout the pool. A stiff-bristled brush is ideal for plaster or concrete pools, while a softer brush is better for vinyl liners to prevent damage.

By dedicating time to these three essential cleaning tasks, you’re setting the stage for an easy, problem-free pool opening when warmer weather returns. The effort you put in now will save you time and money later, ensuring a sparkling clean pool ready for enjoyment.

Step 5: Plumbing Protection – Preventing Costly Freeze Damage

With your pool water chemically balanced and protected, the next line of defense lies in safeguarding your plumbing. Neglecting this crucial step can lead to catastrophic damage from freezing temperatures, resulting in cracked pipes, a compromised filter, or even a burst pump.

Water expands when it freezes, and that expansion exerts tremendous pressure on the enclosed plumbing system. Properly winterizing your plumbing is not merely a suggestion; it’s an essential preventative measure that can save you thousands of dollars in repairs.

Draining the Plumbing System: A Comprehensive Guide

The goal is to remove all water from your pool’s plumbing lines. This includes the pipes connected to your pool pump, filter, heater (if applicable), and any other auxiliary equipment.

Draining the Pump, Filter, and Heater

Begin by turning off the power to your pool equipment at the breaker. Never work on electrical equipment without disconnecting the power supply.

Locate and remove all drain plugs from your pump housing, filter tank, and heater. Store these plugs in a safe place, such as the pump basket, to prevent them from getting lost.

Allow all the water to drain completely. You can tilt the pump and filter slightly to ensure every last drop is removed. For heaters, consult your owner’s manual for specific draining instructions, as some models may have multiple drain points.

Draining the Underground Plumbing Lines

The pipes running underground between your pool and equipment pad also require careful attention. This is where an air compressor becomes invaluable.

Connect an air compressor to the plumbing line at the pump. A standard shop air compressor with a rubber expansion plug will work fine.

Use a rubber expansion plug and thread tape with the air compressor to ensure a tight fit.

With the compressor set to a low pressure (around 5-10 PSI), begin blowing air through the lines. Open each return jet and skimmer one at a time to allow the water to be expelled.

Continue blowing air through each line until you see a steady stream of air bubbles coming from the returns and skimmers. This indicates that the line is mostly clear of water.

Freeze Plugs and Skimmer Protection

Even after blowing out the lines, some water may remain. This is where freeze plugs (also known as expansion plugs or rubber plugs) and skimmer "Gizzmos" come into play.

Installing Freeze Plugs

Freeze plugs are designed to compress and absorb the expansion of any residual water that freezes inside the plumbing.

Install freeze plugs into each return jet opening inside the pool. Ensure they are snug but not overly tight.

Skimmer Protection with Gizzmos

Skimmers are particularly vulnerable to freezing damage because they are exposed to the elements.

A Gizzmo is a plastic bottle or cylinder that is screwed into the bottom of the skimmer and helps absorb any ice expansion. They are usually filled with some air.

Simply screw a Gizzmo into the skimmer’s threaded opening at the bottom of the skimmer basket area. If the skimmer has two holes at the bottom you only need one.

A Final Word on Plumbing Protection

Taking the time to properly drain and protect your plumbing is an investment in the long-term health of your pool. Don’t skip this crucial step! A little effort now can prevent a major headache (and expense) later.

With your plumbing diligently purged of water and safeguarded against the winter’s freeze, the next crucial step in winterizing your inground pool is securing a reliable cover. This protective barrier acts as a shield against debris, sunlight, and the elements, preventing unwanted growth and maintaining water clarity throughout the off-season.

Step 6: Covering Your Pool – Sealing Out Debris and Sunlight

Choosing the right pool cover is paramount. It is the single most important factor in how clean and algae-free your pool will be when you open it in the spring. The type of cover you select significantly impacts its effectiveness and ease of use. Two primary options exist for inground pools: safety covers and tarp covers.

Safety Covers: Investment in Security and Peace of Mind

Safety covers are typically crafted from tightly woven, high-strength polypropylene or mesh materials. They are anchored securely to the pool deck using straps and springs connected to recessed anchors.

This robust design provides superior protection against accidental falls into the pool, making them an ideal choice for families with children or pets. Safety covers can support significant weight, offering peace of mind throughout the winter months.

The tightly woven mesh allows rainwater and snowmelt to drain through, preventing water from pooling on the surface and straining the cover. This feature also minimizes the risk of debris accumulation.

While safety covers represent a larger upfront investment, their durability and safety features offer long-term value and protection. Professional installation is often recommended to ensure proper anchoring and tensioning.

Tarp Covers: An Economical Option with Trade-offs

Tarp covers, also known as winter covers, are typically made from polyethylene and are a more economical option than safety covers. They are secured using water tubes or wall bags placed around the perimeter of the pool.

While tarp covers offer a cost-effective solution, they come with certain limitations. They are not designed to support significant weight and do not provide the same level of safety as safety covers.

Tarp covers are opaque, preventing sunlight from entering the pool. This helps to inhibit algae growth. However, they require careful monitoring and maintenance to prevent water and debris from accumulating on the surface.

Excessive weight from snow or rain can cause the cover to sag or tear, potentially compromising its effectiveness.

Proper Installation Techniques: Ensuring a Secure Fit

Regardless of the type of cover you choose, proper installation is essential for optimal performance. A snug and secure fit is crucial to prevent debris from entering the pool and to ensure the cover remains in place throughout the winter.

1. Safety Covers:

   • Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.
   • Ensure that all straps are properly connected and tensioned to the anchors.
   • Inspect the cover regularly for any signs of wear or damage.

2. Tarp Covers:

   • Center the cover over the pool, allowing for sufficient overlap on all sides.
   • Fill water tubes or wall bags with water, leaving some room for expansion in case of freezing, and position them evenly around the perimeter of the pool to secure the cover.
   • Adjust the water levels in the tubes as needed to maintain consistent tension.

The Importance of a Tight Seal

A tight seal is essential for preventing debris and sunlight from entering the pool during the winter months. Debris can stain the pool surface and provide nutrients for algae growth, while sunlight can promote algae blooms.

Inspect the cover regularly for any gaps or tears, and make repairs as needed. Ensure that the water tubes or wall bags are properly positioned and filled to maintain a secure seal around the perimeter of the pool. A properly sealed pool cover minimizes the need for extensive cleaning and chemical treatments in the spring, saving you time and money.

Step 7: Winter Monitoring – Maintaining Protection Throughout the Season

Securing your pool cover is a significant step, but the winterizing process doesn’t end there. The harsh realities of winter demand ongoing vigilance to ensure your pool remains protected and that you minimize any potential issues that could arise during the off-season. Consistent monitoring and preventative actions are crucial for safeguarding your investment and simplifying your pool opening next spring.

Protecting Vulnerable Equipment from the Elements

Winter weather can be particularly damaging to certain pool components left exposed. It’s essential to identify and address these vulnerabilities before the worst of the season hits.

Removing or Covering Sensitive Items

Any removable pool equipment that can be negatively impacted by cold, snow, or ice should be brought indoors for storage. This includes items like:

• Automatic pool cleaners
• Poolside furniture
• Decorative features
• Removable ladders and steps

Storing these items in a dry, sheltered location will prolong their lifespan and prevent costly repairs or replacements.

Protecting Exposed Plumbing

While you’ve already drained the plumbing lines, exposed pipes or fittings can still be susceptible to damage from extreme cold. Consider insulating any above-ground plumbing with pipe insulation or wrapping them with heat tape for added protection, especially in regions with consistently freezing temperatures.

Regular Pool Cover Inspections: A Winter Ritual

Your pool cover is your primary defense against the elements during the winter. Routine inspections are vital to ensure it remains effective.

Checking for Tears, Damage, or Displacement

Make it a habit to check your pool cover every few weeks, or after any significant weather event, such as heavy snowfall or strong winds. Look for any signs of:

• Tears or punctures in the cover material
• Loose or damaged straps or anchors
• Gaps or openings around the pool edges
• Significant sagging or displacement

Addressing minor issues promptly can prevent them from escalating into major problems.

Managing Snow and Debris Accumulation

Excessive snow or debris accumulating on your pool cover can place undue stress on the material and anchoring system.

Use a soft-bristled brush or broom to gently remove any buildup. Avoid using sharp objects or tools that could damage the cover. A pool cover pump can be used to remove standing water.

Be particularly careful after heavy snowfall, as the weight of the snow can quickly overwhelm even the strongest covers.

Addressing Water Accumulation

Even with a properly installed cover, some water accumulation is almost inevitable. Significant water buildup can create a breeding ground for algae and other contaminants and increase the risk of the cover sinking or collapsing.

Consider using a cover pump to remove excess water periodically. This will help maintain the integrity of your cover and reduce the workload when you open your pool in the spring.

By actively monitoring your pool throughout the winter, you can proactively address potential issues and ensure a smooth and hassle-free pool opening when warmer weather returns.

So there you have it – a straightforward guide on how to winterize inground pool! Hope these steps help you keep your pool sparkling (well, maybe not *sparkling* during winter, but you know what I mean!) and ready for fun when warmer weather rolls around.