Cistern Pump Problems? A Quick Troubleshooting Guide!

Understanding Your Cistern Pump: A Vital Guide

A reliable water source is paramount for any home, and for many, that source originates from a cistern. These often-overlooked reservoirs collect rainwater or water from other sources, providing a dependable supply when municipal systems fall short or are simply unavailable. At the heart of this system lies the cistern pump, an unsung hero responsible for delivering that stored water to your taps.

What is a Cistern?

Simply put, a cistern is a waterproof container used to store water. They come in various shapes and sizes, constructed from materials like concrete, plastic, or fiberglass.

Their primary purpose is to collect and hold water for later use, whether for drinking, irrigation, or other household needs.

Think of it as your private, on-site water reserve.

The Critical Role of the Cistern Pump

The cistern itself is just a holding tank. To get the water from the cistern to your house requires a pump.

The cistern pump is the device that pressurizes and delivers the water from the cistern to your home’s plumbing system.

Without a properly functioning pump, your cistern is essentially just a large, inaccessible container of water. A failing pump can disrupt your daily life, leaving you without water for essential tasks.

DIY Troubleshooting: A Helpful Resource

This guide serves as a valuable resource for homeowners who want to understand their cistern pump system and address common issues independently. We empower you to diagnose and resolve minor problems, saving you time and money on professional repairs.

However, it’s essential to approach any DIY project with caution and a clear understanding of your limitations.

Safety First: Water and Electricity Don’t Mix

Working with water and electricity can be dangerous if proper precautions are not taken. Always disconnect the power supply to the pump before attempting any inspection or repair.

Never work on electrical components with wet hands or in damp environments.

If you are uncomfortable working with electricity, seek assistance from a qualified electrician. Your safety is paramount.

Decoding Your Cistern Pump System

Before diving into troubleshooting, it’s crucial to understand the different parts of your cistern pump system and how they work together. This knowledge will provide a solid foundation for diagnosing potential problems and ensuring effective repairs.

Essential Components of a Cistern Pump System

A typical cistern pump system comprises several key components, each playing a specific role in delivering water to your home:

• Water Pump
• Pressure Tank
• Pressure Switch
• Sediment Filter
• The Cistern Itself
• Piping and Electrical Connections

The Heart of the System: The Water Pump

The water pump is the driving force behind your entire water system. Its primary function is to draw water from the cistern and push it through the pipes into your home. Without a functioning pump, water simply remains stagnant in the cistern.

There are generally two main types of pumps used in cistern systems: submersible pumps and jet pumps.

Submersible Pump vs. Jet Pump

Submersible Pumps

Submersible pumps are designed to be installed directly inside the cistern, submerged underwater.

• Pros: These pumps are generally quieter than jet pumps and are less prone to losing prime, since they are already submerged in water. They are also more efficient for deeper cisterns.
• Cons: Installation and maintenance can be more complex, requiring you to physically remove the pump from the cistern. Repairing them often means hiring a professional.

Jet Pumps

Jet pumps, on the other hand, are installed outside the cistern. They use suction to draw water from the cistern.

• Pros: Jet pumps are typically easier to access for maintenance and repairs.
• Cons: They can be noisier than submersible pumps, and they may struggle to draw water from deeper cisterns. Jet pumps can also lose their prime, requiring manual re-priming to restore water flow.

Maintaining Consistent Pressure: The Role of the Pressure Tank

The pressure tank is a vital component that helps maintain consistent water pressure throughout your home. It acts as a buffer, storing pressurized water and releasing it as needed.

This prevents the pump from cycling on and off every time you turn on a faucet, extending the pump’s lifespan and providing more even water pressure.

A properly functioning pressure tank ensures a steady and reliable water supply.

Regulating Pump Operation: The Pressure Switch

The pressure switch is responsible for controlling the pump’s operation based on the water pressure in the system.

It senses when the pressure drops below a certain threshold (the "cut-in" pressure) and automatically turns the pump on to replenish the water in the pressure tank. Once the pressure reaches the desired level (the "cut-out" pressure), the switch turns the pump off.

This automatic on/off cycle ensures that the system maintains a consistent water pressure range. A malfunctioning pressure switch can cause the pump to run constantly or not turn on at all.

Protecting Your Pump and Water Quality: The Sediment Filter

The sediment filter is a crucial element for maintaining water quality and protecting the pump from damage.

It removes particles like sand, silt, and rust from the water before they can enter the pump and plumbing system.

A clogged sediment filter can restrict water flow, reduce water pressure, and damage the pump. Regularly replacing or cleaning the sediment filter is essential for optimal performance and longevity of the entire system.

Identifying Common Cistern Pump Problems

Now that you have a basic understanding of the components within your cistern pump system, let’s delve into the problems you might encounter.
Recognizing the symptoms is the first step toward effective troubleshooting and repair.

This section provides an overview of common issues that homeowners face, empowering you to identify potential problems in your own system.

Pump Not Turning On

One of the most frustrating issues is when the cistern pump refuses to start. Several factors can contribute to this problem, ranging from simple fixes to more complex electrical issues.

Power Supply
First, check the power source.
Ensure the circuit breaker for the pump hasn’t tripped.
Resetting the breaker might be a quick solution.

Inspect the wiring connections to the pump and the pressure switch.
Look for loose wires or corrosion, which can interrupt the electrical current.

Pressure Switch Malfunction
The pressure switch is responsible for signaling the pump to turn on when the water pressure drops below a certain threshold.

If the switch is faulty, it may not send the signal, leaving the pump idle.
Testing the pressure switch with a multimeter can help determine if it’s functioning correctly.

Wiring Issues

Underground wiring can degrade over time due to moisture and soil conditions, particularly in older systems.
Rodents can also chew through wires, causing a short circuit.

Carefully inspect any accessible wiring for signs of damage, and consider hiring a qualified electrician to inspect the wiring if you are not confident in your electrical knowledge.

Pump Runs Constantly

A pump that never shuts off is another common problem, often indicating an underlying issue that needs prompt attention.

Leaks in the System
The most common cause of a constantly running pump is a leak somewhere in the cistern or plumbing system.
Even a small leak can cause the pressure to drop, forcing the pump to continuously replenish the lost water.

Check all connections, faucets, and pipes for any signs of dripping or moisture.
Don’t forget to inspect the cistern itself for cracks or damage.

Pressure Switch Problems
A malfunctioning pressure switch can also cause the pump to run non-stop.
If the switch is stuck in the "on" position, it will continuously send power to the pump, regardless of the water pressure.

Saturated or Damaged Pressure Tank
The pressure tank stores water under pressure, providing a buffer and preventing the pump from cycling on and off too frequently.

If the tank is saturated with water or has a ruptured bladder, it will lose its ability to maintain pressure, causing the pump to run continuously.

Low Water Pressure

Insufficient water pressure can make showering, washing dishes, and other everyday tasks a frustrating experience. Several factors can contribute to this issue.

Clogged Sediment Filter
The sediment filter is designed to trap dirt, rust, and other particles, protecting the pump and ensuring clean water.
A clogged filter restricts water flow, leading to a noticeable drop in water pressure.
Regularly check and replace the sediment filter to maintain optimal water pressure.

Pump Wear and Tear
Over time, the water pump itself can wear down, reducing its ability to generate sufficient pressure.
This is especially true for older pumps that have been in service for many years.

Low Water Level in Cistern
The most obvious cause is that the cistern might simply be running low on water.
Regularly monitor your cistern’s water level, especially during periods of drought.

No Water or Intermittent Water Flow

A complete lack of water or inconsistent water flow can be alarming.
However, in many cases, the problem is relatively easy to resolve.

Air Lock in System
An air lock occurs when air becomes trapped in the pipes, preventing water from flowing freely.
This can happen after maintenance or repairs, or if the cistern runs dry.

Frozen Pipes
In cold climates, frozen pipes are a common cause of water flow problems.
When water freezes, it expands, blocking the pipe and preventing water from passing through.

Water Quality Issues

While not directly related to the pump’s mechanical function, water quality is an essential consideration for any cistern system.

Importance of Regular Water Quality Testing
Regularly test your water for bacteria, nitrates, and other contaminants.
This will allow you to take appropriate action to ensure your water is safe for drinking and other uses.

Addressing Contamination Concerns
If your water tests positive for contaminants, take immediate steps to address the problem.
This may involve disinfecting the cistern, installing a water filtration system, or finding an alternative water source.

Ignoring water quality issues can pose serious health risks.

Troubleshooting Your Cistern Pump: A Practical Guide

Having identified potential culprits behind your cistern pump woes, it’s time to roll up your sleeves and put on your DIY hat. This section provides a practical, step-by-step guide to diagnosing and resolving some of the most common cistern pump problems.

Remember, safety is paramount when working with water and electricity. Always disconnect the power to the pump before performing any inspections or repairs. If you are uncomfortable with any of these procedures, call a qualified professional.

Step-by-Step Instructions for Checking and Testing

Safely Inspecting the Power Source

The first step in troubleshooting a pump that won’t turn on is to verify that it’s receiving power. This involves a few simple checks:

1. Check the Circuit Breaker: Locate the circuit breaker that controls the cistern pump. It should be clearly labeled in your electrical panel. If the breaker has tripped (moved to the "off" or middle position), reset it by switching it fully to the "off" position and then back to the "on" position.

2. Test the Outlet: If the pump is plugged into an outlet, test the outlet with another device, such as a lamp, to ensure that the outlet is providing power.

3. Inspect Wiring Connections: Carefully examine the wiring connections to the pump and the pressure switch. Look for loose wires, corrosion, or signs of damage. Loose connections can impede the flow of electricity, preventing the pump from starting. Tighten any loose connections with a screwdriver. If you see corrosion, clean the connections with a wire brush.

Testing the Pressure Switch with a Multimeter

The pressure switch is a crucial component that tells the pump when to turn on and off. A faulty pressure switch can prevent the pump from starting or cause it to run continuously.

1. Safety First: Always disconnect the power to the pump at the circuit breaker before testing the pressure switch.

2. Locate the Pressure Switch: The pressure switch is typically located on the pipe near the pressure tank.

3. Prepare Your Multimeter: Set your multimeter to measure continuity (usually indicated by a sound wave symbol or an ohm symbol).

4. Test for Continuity:

   • Remove the cover from the pressure switch.
   • Locate the two sets of terminals on the switch.
   • Place one probe of the multimeter on one terminal of the first set and the other probe on the other terminal of the same set.
   • With the system unpressurized (water pressure below the cut-in pressure of the switch), you should hear a beep or see a reading of zero ohms, indicating continuity.

5. Simulate Pressure: Manually push the pressure switch lever (if accessible and safe to do so) to simulate the pressure reaching the cut-off point. The multimeter should now show an open circuit (no continuity). If the switch doesn’t change state, it’s likely faulty and needs replacement.

Identifying Leaks in the Cistern and Plumbing

Leaks in the cistern or plumbing can cause the pump to run constantly or cycle on and off frequently.

1. Inspect the Cistern: Visually inspect the cistern for any cracks or leaks. Pay close attention to seams and joints. If you find a leak, it may require patching or replacing the cistern.

2. Check Plumbing Connections: Examine all plumbing connections for drips or signs of water damage. Tighten any loose connections with a wrench. If a fitting is leaking, you may need to replace it.

3. Listen for Running Water: If you can hear water running when no fixtures are in use, it could indicate a leak in the system. Investigate potential leak sources by turning off all fixtures and examining pipes to see if any water is present when there should be none.

Backwashing or Replacing the Sediment Filter

A clogged sediment filter can restrict water flow, leading to low water pressure and pump strain.

1. Locate the Sediment Filter: The sediment filter is typically located in the water line before the pump.

2. Backwash (if applicable): Some sediment filters can be backwashed to remove accumulated sediment. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for backwashing.

3. Replace the Filter: If the filter cannot be backwashed or is heavily clogged, replace it with a new filter of the same type and size.

Checking and Adjusting the Air Pressure in the Pressure Tank

The pressure tank uses a compressed air bladder to maintain consistent water pressure. If the air pressure is too low or too high, it can cause the pump to cycle frequently or result in low water pressure.

1. Turn off the Pump: Turn off the pump at the circuit breaker.

2. Drain the Tank: Open a faucet in the house to relieve any water pressure in the tank. Let the water run until it stops.

3. Locate the Schrader Valve: The Schrader valve (similar to a tire valve) is usually located on top of the pressure tank, often covered by a plastic cap.

4. Check the Air Pressure: Use a tire pressure gauge to check the air pressure in the tank. The air pressure should be 2 PSI lower than the pump’s cut-in pressure. For example, if the pump’s cut-in pressure is 30 PSI, the air pressure in the tank should be 28 PSI.

5. Adjust the Air Pressure: If the air pressure is too low, use an air compressor to add air to the tank. If the air pressure is too high, release air from the tank by pressing the valve core with a small screwdriver.

Maintaining a Healthy Cistern Pump System

Troubleshooting problems is reactive, but a proactive approach to cistern pump care can save you time, money, and headaches in the long run. Regular maintenance not only extends the lifespan of your pump but also ensures a consistently reliable and safe water supply for your household.

The Importance of Preventative Care

Think of your cistern pump system like a car. Regular oil changes, tire rotations, and tune-ups keep it running smoothly and prevent major breakdowns. Similarly, consistent attention to your cistern system can prevent costly repairs and ensure your water supply remains uninterrupted.

Key Preventative Maintenance Tasks

Several simple maintenance tasks can significantly improve the health and longevity of your cistern pump system.

Consistent effort in these areas protects your investment and reduces the chances of sudden, unexpected failures.

Inspecting the Cistern and Surrounding Area

Make it a habit to regularly inspect the cistern itself, both inside and out. Look for any signs of cracks, leaks, or damage to the structure. Ensure the lid is securely in place to prevent debris, animals, and insects from entering and contaminating the water supply.

Pay attention to the surrounding area as well. Clear away any vegetation or debris that could potentially compromise the cistern’s integrity or drainage.

Flushing the Cistern

Over time, sediment and debris can accumulate in the bottom of the cistern. This sediment can reduce the tank’s effective capacity, clog the pump intake, and affect water quality.

Periodic flushing of the cistern is essential to remove this buildup. The frequency of flushing depends on the water source and usage but is generally recommended at least once a year.

To flush the cistern, simply drain the tank completely and then scrub the interior surfaces to dislodge any remaining sediment. Be sure to dispose of the sediment properly and refill the tank with clean water.

Sediment Filter Management

The sediment filter is your first line of defense against impurities entering your home’s water system. Clogged sediment filters reduce water pressure and strain the pump, leading to premature failure.

Regularly check the sediment filter and replace it as needed. The frequency of replacement depends on the sediment load in your water supply.

A good rule of thumb is to replace the filter every three to six months, or more often if you notice a significant drop in water pressure. Backwashing, if your filter system allows, can extend the life of the filter, but eventual replacement is inevitable.

Monitoring Water Quality

Regular water quality testing is crucial to ensuring the safety of your drinking water. Test your water at least annually for bacteria, nitrates, and other common contaminants.

If you notice any changes in the taste, odor, or appearance of your water, test it immediately. Address any contamination concerns promptly, following the recommendations of your local health department.

Protecting Against Freezing

In colder climates, freezing temperatures can wreak havoc on your cistern pump system. Frozen pipes can burst, and a frozen pump can be damaged beyond repair.

Take steps to protect your system from freezing temperatures. Insulate exposed pipes and the pump housing. Consider installing a heat tape on vulnerable pipes. If you anticipate prolonged periods of freezing temperatures, consider draining the system or installing a small heater in the pump house.

Knowing When to Call a Professional

This guide aims to equip you with the knowledge to troubleshoot common cistern pump problems. However, it’s crucial to recognize the limits of DIY repairs and understand when seeking professional help is necessary for your safety and the longevity of your system.

Attempting repairs beyond your skill level can lead to further damage, personal injury, or even void warranties. Knowing when to step back and call in an expert is a sign of responsibility, not failure.

Disclaimer: Information Purposes Only

The information provided in this guide is intended for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional advice from a qualified plumber or electrician. Always prioritize safety and consult with a professional if you have any doubts or concerns.

When DIY Troubleshooting Isn’t Enough

There are several situations where attempting DIY repairs on your cistern pump system is strongly discouraged. These situations often involve complex issues or potential hazards that require specialized expertise.

Navigating Complex Electrical Issues

Electrical work can be dangerous, and working with water and electricity simultaneously increases the risk. Never attempt to diagnose or repair electrical components unless you are a qualified electrician.

Signs that you need a professional include:

• Burnt wires or components.
• The smell of burning plastic.
• Frequent tripping of circuit breakers.
• Any uncertainty about the wiring configuration.

Acknowledging Personal Comfort Levels

Even if you have some DIY experience, there may be situations where you simply feel uncomfortable or uncertain about tackling a particular repair.

Trust your instincts. If you feel uneasy about any aspect of the troubleshooting or repair process, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and call a professional. Your safety and peace of mind are worth the cost of a service call.

Situations Requiring Professional Intervention

Consider calling a plumber or electrician for these problems:

• Pump Replacement: Replacing a pump, especially a submersible pump, often requires specialized tools and knowledge.
• Persistent Leaks: Locating and repairing hidden leaks can be challenging and may require advanced diagnostic equipment.
• Recurring Problems: If you’ve attempted to fix a problem multiple times without success, it’s likely a symptom of a larger underlying issue.
• Unusual Noises: Strange sounds coming from your pump or plumbing system could indicate serious mechanical problems.
• Water Contamination Concerns: If you suspect your water supply is contaminated, a professional can help identify the source and recommend appropriate treatment solutions.

Consulting a Qualified Professional

When seeking professional assistance, ensure that the plumber or electrician you hire is licensed, insured, and experienced in working with cistern pump systems. Ask for references and read online reviews to get a sense of their reputation and quality of work. A qualified professional can accurately diagnose the problem, provide a safe and effective solution, and ensure your cistern pump system operates reliably for years to come.

Alright, hopefully, this guide helped you troubleshoot your cistern water pump issues! If you’re still running into problems, don’t hesitate to call in a pro. Good luck, and stay hydrated!