Well System Pressure Plunging? The Ultimate Fix Guide

Understanding and Fixing Fluctuating Water Pressure on Your Well System

Fluctuating water pressure on a well system is a common, yet frustrating problem. This guide aims to provide a clear, step-by-step approach to diagnose and potentially resolve the issue yourself. Understanding the components of your well system and how they interact is key to finding the root cause. We’ll walk you through the most common causes, the tools you’ll need, and the steps you can take to restore consistent water pressure.

Diagnosing the Problem: Common Causes of Fluctuating Water Pressure

Before diving into fixes, it’s important to identify what’s causing the fluctuating water pressure on well system. This section outlines the most likely culprits.

1. Failing Pressure Tank

The pressure tank is a crucial component. It acts as a reservoir, storing water under pressure and supplying it to your home when you turn on a faucet or appliance.

• How it Works: The tank contains a bladder (or a diaphragm in some designs) that separates the water from compressed air. This air pressure pushes the water out when needed.
• Signs of Failure: If the pressure tank isn’t working correctly, you might experience:
  • Rapid cycling of the well pump (turning on and off frequently).
  • Significant pressure drops when using water.
  • Waterlogged tank (feeling heavy when tapped near the bottom).

2. Well Pump Issues

The well pump is responsible for drawing water from the well and delivering it to your home. Problems with the pump can directly impact water pressure.

• Types of Well Pumps: There are two main types: submersible (located inside the well) and jet pumps (located outside the well).
• Common Pump Problems:
  • Worn Impeller: The impeller is the rotating part of the pump that moves the water. Wear and tear can reduce its efficiency.
  • Clogged Intake: Debris in the well can clog the pump’s intake, restricting water flow.
  • Pump Failure: In severe cases, the pump may simply fail due to age or damage.
  • Low Well Water Level: If the water level in your well drops below the pump intake, the pump will suck air, causing fluctuating pressure.

3. Clogged or Corroded Pipes

Over time, pipes can become clogged with mineral deposits or corroded, reducing water flow and impacting pressure.

• Identifying Pipe Problems:
  • Rusty Water: Indicates corrosion within the pipes.
  • Low Water Pressure Throughout the House: Suggests a widespread blockage.
  • Reduced Flow in Specific Areas: Points to a localized problem in a particular pipe.

4. Faulty Pressure Switch

The pressure switch monitors the water pressure in the system and turns the well pump on and off accordingly. A malfunctioning switch can cause erratic pump behavior and pressure fluctuations.

• How it Works: The switch has a diaphragm that responds to pressure. When the pressure drops below a certain threshold (the cut-in pressure), the switch turns the pump on. When the pressure reaches another threshold (the cut-off pressure), the switch turns the pump off.
• Signs of a Faulty Switch:
  • Pump not turning on or off at the correct pressure levels.
  • Rapid cycling of the pump.
  • Pressure gauge showing inaccurate readings.

5. Leaks in the System

Even small leaks can significantly impact water pressure. Leaks can occur in pipes, fittings, or at the well casing.

• Locating Leaks:
  • Check Visible Pipes: Look for drips or signs of moisture around pipes and fittings.
  • Listen for Running Water: Even when no fixtures are in use.
  • Monitor Water Meter: A sudden increase in water usage without a corresponding increase in demand could indicate a leak.

Troubleshooting and Solutions

Once you have a good idea of the potential cause of the fluctuating water pressure on well system, you can start troubleshooting and implementing solutions.

1. Checking and Adjusting the Pressure Tank

The pressure tank often gets overlooked, but it’s easy to check.

1. Turn Off Power: Shut off the power to the well pump at the breaker.
2. Drain the Tank: Open a faucet outside or in the basement until the water stops flowing.
3. Check the Air Pressure: Use a tire pressure gauge to check the air pressure at the Schrader valve (similar to a tire valve, usually located at the top of the tank).
4. Ideal Pressure: The air pressure should be 2 PSI below the pump’s cut-in pressure (usually 30 PSI if the cut-in pressure is 30 PSI). This information may be located on the pressure switch or the pump itself.
5. Adjust Pressure (if needed): Use an air compressor to add air or a small tool to release air, adjusting the pressure to the correct level.
6. Check for Waterlogged Tank: If water comes out of the Schrader valve when you press the pin, the bladder is likely damaged, and the tank needs to be replaced.
7. Restore Power: Turn the power back on to the well pump.

2. Inspecting and Cleaning the Well Pump

Working with a well pump, especially a submersible pump, can be dangerous. Exercise extreme caution, and if you are uncomfortable with any of these steps, consult a professional.

1. Safety First: Disconnect the power to the well pump.
2. Jet Pump Inspection: If you have a jet pump, inspect the pump housing for leaks or damage. Clean any debris from the impeller area.
3. Submersible Pump Issues: If you suspect issues with a submersible pump, it’s generally best to call a well service professional. These pumps are difficult and dangerous to remove and inspect without specialized equipment. A professional can assess the pump’s condition, check for clogs, and inspect the well casing.
4. Consider Well Depth: If the water table has dropped significantly, the pump may not be submerged enough. This can also be addressed by a professional who might lower the pump in the well.

3. Addressing Clogged or Corroded Pipes

Dealing with clogged pipes can be messy and time-consuming.

1. Identify Affected Areas: Determine which pipes are affected based on the location of the pressure issues.
2. Flush the System: If you suspect mineral buildup, you can try flushing the system with a descaling solution. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.
3. Pipe Replacement: In severe cases, replacing sections of pipe may be necessary. Consider using PEX pipe as a durable and flexible replacement option.

4. Evaluating and Replacing the Pressure Switch

The pressure switch is relatively easy to replace.

1. Turn Off Power: Disconnect the power to the well pump.
2. Locate the Switch: The pressure switch is typically located near the pressure tank.
3. Disconnect Wiring: Carefully disconnect the wires from the old switch, noting their positions for easy reassembly.
4. Remove the Switch: Unscrew the old switch from the pipe fitting.
5. Install New Switch: Apply Teflon tape to the threads of the new switch and screw it into the fitting.
6. Reconnect Wiring: Reconnect the wires to the new switch, matching the positions of the old switch.
7. Restore Power: Turn the power back on and monitor the pump’s behavior. Adjust the pressure switch settings, if necessary, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

5. Fixing Leaks in the System

Finding and fixing leaks is crucial.

1. Turn Off Power: Disconnect the power to the well pump.
2. Isolate the Leak: Identify the source of the leak as precisely as possible.
3. Tighten Fittings: Try tightening any loose fittings around the leak.
4. Replace Damaged Pipes or Fittings: If tightening doesn’t work, replace the damaged component with a new one. Use Teflon tape or pipe sealant on all threaded connections.
5. Professional Assistance: For leaks within the well casing or underground pipes, it’s best to consult a professional well service company.

Tools You Might Need

• Tire Pressure Gauge
• Air Compressor
• Adjustable Wrench
• Pipe Wrench
• Teflon Tape
• Screwdrivers
• Multimeter (for electrical testing)
• Bucket
• Safety Glasses
• Gloves

Alright, hopefully this guide helped you tackle that fluctuating water pressure on well system situation! Remember, keep an eye on things, and don’t be afraid to get a professional if you’re feeling overwhelmed. Happy plumbing!