Well Pump Control Problems? Quick Fix Guide Inside!

Mastering Well Pump Control: A Troubleshooting Guide

This guide helps you understand and quickly address common problems related to well pump control. We’ll walk you through identifying symptoms, understanding potential causes, and implementing simple solutions.

Understanding Well Pump Control Systems

Before diving into troubleshooting, it’s important to grasp the basics of how a well pump control system functions. The system’s primary goal is to automatically start and stop the pump to maintain water pressure within a desired range.

Key Components:

• Pressure Switch: This is the brain of the system. It senses water pressure in the system and signals the pump to turn on or off based on pre-set pressure thresholds (e.g., 40 PSI on, 60 PSI off).

• Pressure Tank: This tank stores water under pressure, allowing for consistent water supply and reducing the frequency of the pump cycling on and off.

• Pump Motor: The workhorse of the system, it drives the well pump that pulls water from the well.

• Wiring & Electrical Connections: These connect all components, providing power and control signals.

How It Works:

1. Water is used, causing pressure in the system to drop.
2. When the pressure falls below the "cut-in" pressure (e.g., 40 PSI), the pressure switch signals the pump motor to start.
3. The pump fills the pressure tank until the "cut-out" pressure is reached (e.g., 60 PSI).
4. The pressure switch then signals the pump motor to stop.
5. The cycle repeats as water is used.

Common Well Pump Control Problems and Solutions

Let’s explore some frequent issues encountered with well pump control and how to address them.

1. Pump Runs Constantly (Doesn’t Shut Off)

This issue often indicates a problem with the pressure switch or a leak in the system.

Potential Causes:

• Faulty Pressure Switch: The switch might be stuck in the "on" position.
• Leak in the System: A leak, even a small one, can prevent the pressure from reaching the cut-out point. This could be in the plumbing, a toilet, or even a dripping faucet.
• Waterlogged Pressure Tank: A tank that has lost its air cushion cannot build proper pressure.
• Well Pump Problems: The pump itself might not be producing enough pressure to reach the cut-out point.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Inspect for Leaks: Thoroughly check all plumbing fixtures, pipes, and connections for any signs of water leakage.
2. Check Pressure Switch: Inspect the pressure switch for any visible damage or corrosion. You can also test it (with the power OFF!) by gently tapping it. Sometimes, this will dislodge debris and allow it to function temporarily.
3. Check Pressure Tank: Turn off the pump breaker and drain the tank completely. Use a tire pressure gauge to check the air pressure at the schrader valve (usually located on top of the tank). It should be a few PSI below the cut-in pressure (e.g., 38 PSI if your cut-in is 40 PSI). If water comes out of the valve, the bladder inside the tank has likely failed.
4. Assess Pump Performance: Listen to the pump. Does it sound weak or strained? If so, there may be an issue with the pump itself.

2. Pump Cycles On and Off Rapidly (Short Cycling)

This indicates the pump is turning on and off too frequently, which can damage the pump motor over time.

Potential Causes:

• Waterlogged Pressure Tank: This is the most common cause. The tank cannot store water properly, leading to rapid pressure fluctuations.
• Incorrect Pressure Switch Settings: If the cut-in and cut-out pressures are too close together, the pump will cycle rapidly.
• Clogged Well Screen or Piping: A restriction in the well can limit water flow, causing the pressure to drop quickly and trigger the pump to turn on prematurely.
• Leak in the System: Even a small leak can contribute to short cycling.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Check Pressure Tank (as described above): This is the first and most important step. A waterlogged tank is the prime suspect.
2. Inspect Pressure Switch Settings: Look at the pressure switch. There are often adjustment screws for the cut-in and cut-out pressure. Do not adjust these unless you are experienced and know what you are doing. Improper settings can damage your system. Consult a professional if needed.
3. Look for Air Leaks in Suction Piping: If your pump has suction piping (e.g., in a shallow well), check all connections for air leaks. These can cause air to enter the system and disrupt pressure.

3. No Water Pressure

This is a serious issue that requires immediate attention.

Potential Causes:

• Pump Failure: The pump motor could be burned out or otherwise malfunctioning.
• Loss of Prime: The pump may have lost its prime, meaning it’s not able to draw water from the well. This is more common with shallow well pumps.
• Low Water Level in the Well: The well’s water level may have dropped below the pump intake.
• Electrical Problems: A blown fuse, tripped breaker, or wiring issue could be preventing the pump from receiving power.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Check Breaker/Fuse: Make sure the breaker or fuse for the pump is not tripped or blown. Reset or replace as needed.
2. Listen for the Pump: Can you hear the pump running? If not, it may be an electrical problem or a failed pump motor.
3. Check Water Level: If possible and safe, try to determine the water level in the well. A well driller can usually do this if you cannot safely access it.
4. Try Priming the Pump (for Shallow Well Pumps): If you have a shallow well pump, follow the manufacturer’s instructions to prime the pump.

When to Call a Professional

While many well pump control problems can be resolved with simple troubleshooting, some situations require professional expertise.

• If you are uncomfortable working with electrical wiring.
• If you suspect a problem with the well itself (e.g., low water level).
• If you have tried the troubleshooting steps and the problem persists.
• If you are unsure about any aspect of the repair process.

Hopefully, this helped you tackle those tricky well pump control issues. If you’re still scratching your head, don’t hesitate to get a pro involved. Good luck!