Tar Roofing Material: The Only Guide You’ll Ever Need!

Unveiling the World of Tar Roofing

Tar roofing, a stalwart of the construction industry for decades, represents a proven solution for protecting buildings from the elements. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of tar roofing, equipping homeowners, contractors, and building owners with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions. From its composition to its installation and maintenance, we will explore every facet of this roofing material.

A Historical Perspective

Tar roofing’s legacy is rooted in its durability and effectiveness. For years, it has been a go-to option, particularly for commercial and industrial buildings. Its enduring presence testifies to its ability to withstand harsh weather conditions and provide reliable protection.

The Objective: Informed Decision-Making

This guide serves as a roadmap to navigate the complexities of tar roofing. We aim to demystify the terminology, clarify the installation processes, and highlight the advantages and disadvantages associated with this roofing system.

Ultimately, our goal is to empower you with the knowledge to determine whether tar roofing is the right choice for your specific needs.

Benefits and Drawbacks: A Balanced View

Like any roofing material, tar roofing offers a unique set of advantages and drawbacks.

Its primary benefit lies in its exceptional waterproofing capabilities. The layered construction creates a robust barrier against moisture, making it ideal for flat and low-slope roofs.

However, tar roofing also presents challenges. Installation can be labor-intensive, and the material itself can be susceptible to damage from extreme temperatures and UV exposure. Furthermore, the odor during installation and the potential environmental concerns associated with certain components are factors to consider.

This guide will delve deeper into these aspects, providing a balanced perspective to aid in your evaluation.

Demystifying Tar Roofing: Composition and Components

Understanding the fundamental building blocks of tar roofing is crucial for appreciating its performance and longevity. This section will dissect the composition of tar roofing systems, focusing on the key materials and their respective roles in creating a durable, weather-resistant barrier. We will primarily focus on Built-Up Roofing (BUR), the archetypal tar roofing system, and examine the properties of asphalt, coal tar, and the various roofing membranes used within these systems.

Built-Up Roofing (BUR): A Layered Defense

Built-Up Roofing, or BUR, is the most traditional and widely recognized form of tar roofing. Its name accurately reflects its construction: it’s built up layer upon layer, creating a robust and resilient roofing surface.

Composition of BUR

A BUR system is essentially a multi-layered sandwich composed of alternating layers of roofing felt and a waterproofing agent, either asphalt or coal tar pitch. The roofing felt, often made from organic materials or fiberglass, provides a substrate for the waterproofing agent to adhere to. Multiple layers of felt, typically three to five, are applied to create a substantial barrier.

Each layer is then saturated with hot asphalt or coal tar, which acts as the primary waterproofing component. Finally, a top layer of aggregate, such as gravel or mineral granules, is embedded in the hot bitumen to provide UV protection, fire resistance, and increased durability.

The Function of Each Layer

Each layer in a BUR system performs a specific function that contributes to the overall performance of the roof. The roofing felt provides structural support and a surface for the asphalt or coal tar to adhere to.

The asphalt or coal tar layers create a waterproof barrier, preventing water from penetrating the roof deck. The multiple layers ensure redundancy and minimize the risk of leaks.

The aggregate top layer protects the underlying layers from the damaging effects of sunlight, extreme temperatures, and physical abrasion. It also improves the roof’s fire resistance.

Asphalt: The Workhorse of Roofing

Asphalt is a petroleum-based product widely used in road construction and roofing. In tar roofing, asphalt serves as the primary waterproofing agent.

Properties of Asphalt

Asphalt is known for its viscosity, meaning its resistance to flow. This property allows it to effectively seal the layers of roofing felt together and create a continuous, waterproof membrane.

It also exhibits excellent water resistance, preventing water from penetrating the roof structure. The specific properties of asphalt used in roofing are carefully controlled to ensure optimal performance.

The Role of Aggregate in Asphalt Roofing

Aggregate, typically gravel or mineral granules, plays a crucial role in asphalt roofing systems. As mentioned earlier, it provides a protective layer that shields the asphalt from UV radiation, which can degrade the material over time. The aggregate also enhances fire resistance, preventing flames from spreading quickly across the roof surface.

Finally, the aggregate provides a durable surface that can withstand foot traffic and other forms of physical wear.

Coal Tar: An Alternative Waterproofing Agent

Coal tar pitch is another bitumen-based material used in BUR systems. It is derived from the distillation of coal, and while it shares some similarities with asphalt, there are important differences to consider.

Asphalt vs. Coal Tar: A Comparison

Composition: Asphalt is derived from petroleum, while coal tar is derived from coal.

Properties: Coal tar generally exhibits superior water resistance compared to asphalt, making it a preferred choice for applications where water ponding is a concern. However, it is more susceptible to damage from oils and solvents.

Applications: Coal tar is often used in applications where chemical resistance is important, such as industrial facilities. However, due to environmental and health concerns, its use has declined in recent years.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Coal Tar

The primary benefit of coal tar is its superior waterproofing capabilities, especially in situations where standing water is a concern. However, coal tar has significant drawbacks.

It emits strong odors during installation and contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be harmful to human health and the environment. For these reasons, asphalt has largely replaced coal tar in modern roofing applications.

Roofing Membranes: Enhancing Performance

In addition to the core materials of asphalt or coal tar and roofing felt, various roofing membranes can be incorporated into tar roofing systems to enhance their performance.

Composition and Properties

Roofing membranes are typically made from modified bitumen or synthetic rubber materials. These membranes are designed to be highly flexible, durable, and resistant to punctures and tears. They often incorporate reinforcing materials, such as fiberglass or polyester, to further enhance their strength and stability.

Examples of Roofing Membranes

Examples of common roofing membranes used in tar roofing include:

• Modified Bitumen Membranes: These membranes are asphalt-based and modified with polymers to improve their flexibility, durability, and UV resistance.
• Single-Ply Membranes: These membranes are made from synthetic rubber or thermoplastic materials and are typically installed in a single layer. Common types include EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) and TPO (thermoplastic olefin).

These membranes can be used as cap sheets in BUR systems or as standalone roofing systems, offering enhanced protection and longevity.

Tar Roofing Systems: Exploring the Options

Having examined the core components of tar roofing, it’s time to explore the various systems available, each with its unique installation methods and suitability for specific applications. Understanding these options is critical for making informed decisions about roofing solutions.

Built-Up Roofing (BUR): A Time-Tested System

Built-Up Roofing (BUR) represents the quintessential tar roofing system, known for its robust and layered approach to weather protection. Its enduring popularity stems from its proven track record and adaptability to various building structures.

The BUR Installation Process: Layering for Longevity

The installation of a BUR system is a meticulous process that demands precision and expertise. It starts with a clean and prepared roof deck.

The first step involves applying a base sheet, which serves as the foundation for the subsequent layers.

Next, alternating layers of roofing felt and hot asphalt or coal tar are applied. Each layer of felt is embedded in the hot bitumen, ensuring a strong bond and seamless integration.

Typically, three to five layers of felt are used, depending on the desired level of protection and the specific requirements of the building.

Finally, a top layer of aggregate, such as gravel or mineral granules, is embedded in the hot bitumen. This provides crucial protection against UV radiation, fire, and physical damage.

The layering and sealing process is paramount to the effectiveness of the BUR system. Improper sealing can lead to water infiltration and premature roof failure.

Advantages of BUR: Durability and Waterproofing

BUR systems offer several compelling advantages, primarily its exceptional durability and waterproofing capabilities. The multiple layers of felt and bitumen create a formidable barrier against water penetration, making BUR roofs highly resistant to leaks.

The aggregate surface provides an additional layer of protection against the elements, extending the lifespan of the roof. A properly installed and maintained BUR roof can last for 20 years or more, representing a significant return on investment.

Modified Bitumen: A Modern Twist

Modified Bitumen roofing emerges as a contemporary alternative to traditional BUR. This system leverages polymer-modified asphalt to enhance performance and installation efficiency.

What is Modified Bitumen?

Modified bitumen is essentially asphalt that has been modified with polymers, such as Atactic Polypropylene (APP) or Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), to improve its flexibility, elasticity, and resistance to temperature changes.

These modifications result in a roofing membrane that is more durable and easier to install than traditional BUR.

APP vs. SBS: Understanding the Differences

Two primary types of modified bitumen membranes dominate the market: APP and SBS.

APP membranes are modified with plastic polymers, making them more rigid and resistant to UV degradation. They are typically installed using a torch-applied method.

SBS membranes, on the other hand, are modified with rubber polymers, resulting in greater flexibility and elasticity. They can be installed using hot asphalt, cold adhesives, or self-adhering methods.

Benefits Over BUR: Enhanced Performance and Ease of Installation

Modified bitumen offers several advantages over traditional BUR, including:

• Improved Flexibility: Modified bitumen membranes are more flexible than traditional asphalt, making them less prone to cracking and splitting.
• Enhanced Durability: The polymer modification enhances the membrane’s resistance to weathering, UV degradation, and puncture damage.
• Easier Installation: Modified bitumen membranes can be installed using various methods, including torch-applied, self-adhering, and cold-applied, offering greater flexibility and efficiency.

Flat Roofs and Low-Slope Roofs: Ideal Applications for Tar Roofing

Tar roofing systems, both BUR and modified bitumen, are particularly well-suited for flat roofs and low-slope roofs. These roof types present unique challenges that tar roofing effectively addresses.

Why Tar Roofing Excels on Flat and Low-Slope Surfaces

• Water Drainage: Flat roofs are inherently prone to water ponding, which can lead to leaks and structural damage. Tar roofing’s seamless and waterproof nature minimizes the risk of water infiltration.
• UV Exposure: Flat roofs receive direct sunlight, exposing the roofing material to intense UV radiation. The aggregate surface of BUR and the polymer modification of modified bitumen enhance UV resistance.
• Accessibility: Flat roofs are often used for various purposes, such as equipment storage or recreational space. Tar roofing’s durability and resistance to foot traffic make it a practical choice for these applications.

Addressing the Challenges of Flat Roofing

Tar roofing systems are specifically designed to overcome the challenges associated with flat roofs. The multi-layered construction of BUR and the enhanced performance of modified bitumen provide a robust and reliable roofing solution that ensures long-term protection and peace of mind.

The Advantages of Tar Roofing: A Deep Dive

Tar roofing, a stalwart in the construction industry, continues to be a compelling choice for many building owners. Its enduring appeal rests on a foundation of key benefits. These include exceptional waterproofing capabilities and impressive long-term durability. These advantages justify its continued use in a wide array of applications.

Superior Waterproofing: An Impermeable Shield

At its core, the primary function of any roofing system is to protect the structure below from the elements, particularly water. Tar roofing, especially in the form of Built-Up Roofing (BUR), excels in this regard.

Multi-Layered Protection Against the Elements

The secret to BUR’s superior waterproofing lies in its multi-layered construction. Each layer of roofing felt, saturated with asphalt or coal tar, acts as an independent barrier against water penetration. This redundancy provides a robust defense against leaks. Even if one layer is compromised, the underlying layers continue to provide protection. This layered approach dramatically reduces the risk of water damage to the building’s interior.

The Critical Role of Proper Sealing

Beyond the number of layers, proper sealing is crucial to ensuring complete waterproofing. The seams between the felt layers must be meticulously sealed with hot asphalt or coal tar to prevent water from seeping through. Any gaps or imperfections in the sealing can create pathways for water infiltration, leading to leaks and potential structural damage.

Skilled roofing contractors play a vital role here. They ensure that each layer is seamlessly integrated with the next. This creates a monolithic, waterproof membrane. Regular inspections and prompt repairs of any cracks or blisters are also essential for maintaining the integrity of the seal and preventing leaks over the long term.

Durability and Longevity: A Lasting Investment

Beyond its waterproofing prowess, tar roofing is also celebrated for its durability and longevity. A well-maintained tar roof can provide decades of reliable protection.

Factors Contributing to Long-Term Performance

Several factors contribute to the durability of tar roofing. First, the inherent properties of the materials themselves, such as the water resistance and weatherability of asphalt or coal tar, play a significant role.

Second, the quality of the installation is paramount. A properly installed BUR system, with its multiple layers and meticulous sealing, is far more likely to withstand the rigors of time and weather than a poorly installed one.

Finally, regular maintenance, including inspections and prompt repairs, is essential for extending the lifespan of a tar roof.

The Expected Lifespan of a Tar Roof

With proper installation and maintenance, a tar roof can last anywhere from 15 to 30 years, or even longer. This lifespan makes tar roofing a cost-effective option over the long term. While the initial investment may be higher than some other roofing materials, the extended lifespan and reduced maintenance costs can result in significant savings over time. Furthermore, the superior protection offered by tar roofing can prevent costly water damage repairs. This further enhances its value as a long-term roofing solution.

Tar Roofing Installation: Best Practices and Considerations

The long-term performance of a tar roof hinges not only on the quality of materials used, but also, and perhaps more critically, on the quality of its installation. Cutting corners during installation, or entrusting the job to inexperienced hands, can negate the inherent benefits of tar roofing and lead to premature failure.

The Indispensable Role of Professional Expertise

Professional installation is paramount when it comes to tar roofing. This is non-negotiable. It’s a complex process that demands specialized knowledge, skills, and equipment. Skimping on professional labor to save on upfront costs can quickly turn into a costly mistake down the road.

The Value of Qualified Roofing Contractors

Hiring qualified roofing contractors isn’t merely a recommendation; it’s an absolute necessity. Look for contractors with proven experience in tar roofing installation, proper licensing, insurance, and a solid reputation. Check online reviews, ask for references, and verify their credentials before making a decision.

A reputable contractor will not only possess the technical expertise to install the roofing system correctly, but also provide valuable insights into material selection, drainage considerations, and potential problem areas.

Consequences of Substandard Installation

Improper installation can trigger a cascade of problems. Poorly sealed seams, inadequate layering, and incorrect application of hot asphalt or coal tar can all compromise the waterproofing integrity of the roof. This leads to leaks, water damage, and structural deterioration.

Blisters, cracks, and premature aging are also common consequences of shoddy workmanship. These issues not only diminish the roof’s protective capabilities, but also detract from its aesthetic appeal. The cost of repairing these problems often far exceeds the savings gained from using cheaper, less skilled labor.

Meticulous Preparation and Stringent Safety Measures

Installation is more than just slapping down layers of tar and felt. Proper preparation and rigorous adherence to safety protocols are essential for a successful and safe roofing project.

Priming the Surface for Success

Before any tar or roofing felt is applied, the roof deck must be thoroughly cleaned and prepared. All debris, dirt, and existing roofing materials must be removed to create a clean, level surface. Any imperfections or damage to the roof deck should be repaired to ensure a solid foundation for the new roofing system.

A clean and level surface allows for proper adhesion and prevents irregularities that could compromise the integrity of the roof.

Navigating the Hazards of Hot Tar: Safety First

Tar roofing installation involves working with hot asphalt or coal tar, which poses significant safety risks. Burns are a primary concern. Roofing contractors must wear appropriate protective gear, including gloves, eye protection, and clothing that covers exposed skin.

Proper ventilation is also crucial to minimize exposure to harmful fumes. The use of appropriate safety equipment, such as respirators, may be necessary in certain situations. Strict adherence to safety guidelines is non-negotiable to protect the health and well-being of roofing workers.

Moreover, measures must be taken to protect the building and its occupants during the installation process. This includes properly cordoning off the work area, preventing access by unauthorized personnel, and taking precautions to prevent fires. A well-prepared and safety-conscious installation process is vital for a successful outcome and the long-term performance of the tar roof.

Improper installation, therefore, is not simply an inconvenience; it’s a direct path to a significantly shortened roof lifespan and escalating repair bills. Once a sound roofing system is in place, the focus shifts to proactive strategies for maintaining its integrity.

Maintenance and Repair: Protecting Your Investment

A tar roof, while durable, requires consistent attention to ensure its longevity and optimal performance. Implementing a regular maintenance schedule and addressing any issues promptly can prevent minor problems from escalating into costly repairs or premature roof failure. This section provides essential guidelines for protecting your investment in a tar roofing system.

The Importance of Regular Inspections

Think of your roof as a critical component of your building’s health.

Like any important system, it benefits greatly from routine check-ups.

Regular inspections are the cornerstone of a successful tar roof maintenance plan.

These inspections allow you to identify potential issues early, before they have a chance to cause significant damage. Aim to conduct thorough inspections at least twice a year, ideally in the spring and fall.

Following severe weather events, such as heavy storms, hail, or high winds, an additional inspection is highly recommended.

What to Look For During Inspections

During your inspections, pay close attention to the following indicators of potential problems:

• Cracks: Cracks in the tar or asphalt surface are a primary concern, as they can allow water to penetrate the roofing system. Even hairline cracks can expand over time due to weathering and thermal expansion.

• Blisters: Blisters, or raised bubbles on the roof surface, indicate trapped moisture within the roofing layers. These blisters can eventually rupture, creating pathways for water intrusion.

• Loose Seams: Examine the seams where different sections of roofing material overlap. If the seams are loose, unsealed, or separating, they can compromise the roof’s waterproofing ability.

• Ponding Water: Flat roofs are prone to ponding water, which can accelerate deterioration. Ensure that the roof has adequate drainage and that water does not accumulate in specific areas for extended periods.

• Aggregate Loss: For roofs with a gravel or aggregate surface, check for excessive loss of aggregate. This can expose the underlying asphalt or tar to the elements, reducing its lifespan.

• Debris Accumulation: Remove any debris, such as leaves, branches, or dirt, from the roof surface. This debris can trap moisture and promote the growth of mold or algae.

Addressing Leaks Promptly

Leaks are a serious threat to any roofing system, including tar roofs.

Even a small leak can lead to significant water damage inside your building, including damage to ceilings, walls, and insulation.

Therefore, it is crucial to address leaks immediately upon detection.

Steps to Take When a Leak is Detected

1. Locate the Source: The first step is to identify the source of the leak. This may require a careful inspection of the roof’s interior and exterior. Look for water stains, damp spots, or mold growth on the underside of the roof deck.

2. Contain the Leak: While you are attempting to locate the source, take steps to contain the leak to minimize water damage. Place buckets or tarps beneath the leak to catch dripping water.

3. Contact a Professional: Unless you have extensive experience with tar roof repair, it is best to contact a qualified roofing contractor as soon as possible. Attempting to repair the leak yourself without the proper knowledge and tools can worsen the problem.

Methods for Repairing Leaks in Tar Roofs

The appropriate repair method will depend on the size and nature of the leak. Some common repair techniques include:

• Patching: Small cracks or holes can often be repaired with a patching compound specifically designed for tar roofs. The area around the crack should be cleaned and dried before applying the patching material.

• Seam Repair: Loose or separated seams can be resealed with roofing cement or a compatible sealant. The area should be cleaned and primed before applying the sealant.

• Membrane Replacement: In cases of extensive damage, it may be necessary to replace sections of the roofing membrane. This involves cutting out the damaged area and installing a new piece of roofing material, ensuring proper overlap and sealing.

• Professional Re-coating: For older roofs showing widespread wear, a professional re-coating can extend the lifespan and prevent future leaks.

By implementing a proactive maintenance plan and addressing leaks promptly, you can safeguard your investment in a tar roofing system and ensure its long-term performance.

A well-maintained roof translates directly to cost savings, minimizing the need for frequent repairs and extending its service life. However, beyond maintenance, understanding the financial implications of your roofing choice is crucial. Therefore, let’s consider the overall cost effectiveness of tar roofing, starting with initial expenses, and then diving into the long-term economic picture.

Cost Analysis: Understanding the Investment

Choosing a roofing system is a significant financial decision, demanding careful consideration of both upfront costs and long-term value. Tar roofing, while offering considerable advantages in terms of durability and waterproofing, requires a thorough cost analysis to determine if it aligns with your budget and long-term financial goals. Let’s delve into the initial investment and long-term value associated with tar roofing.

The Initial Investment: A Closer Look

The initial cost of a tar roofing system encompasses both materials and installation labor. These expenses can vary significantly based on several factors, including the specific type of tar roofing system (BUR vs. modified bitumen), the size and complexity of your roof, and the prevailing labor rates in your area.

Decoding the Cost Range

Generally, you can expect to pay anywhere from $4 to $12 per square foot for tar roofing materials and installation. This wide range reflects the diverse options and site-specific conditions that influence pricing.

For example, a basic BUR system might fall on the lower end of the spectrum, while a more advanced modified bitumen system with specialized coatings or reinforcements could command a higher price.

Factors Influencing the Price Tag

Several elements can impact the total cost of your tar roof installation:

• Roof Size: This is a primary driver, as larger roofs require more materials and labor, naturally increasing the overall expense.
• Roof Complexity: Intricate roof designs with multiple angles, dormers, or skylights demand more time and skill to install, thus raising labor costs.
• Material Choice: As noted earlier, different types of tar roofing materials, such as modified bitumen membranes with specialized features, carry varying price points.
• Labor Costs: Geographic location and the experience level of the roofing contractor significantly affect labor expenses.
• Underlying Deck Condition: If the existing roof deck requires repairs or replacement before the new tar roof can be installed, this will add to the initial investment.
• Permits and Inspections: Don’t forget to factor in the cost of building permits and any required inspections to ensure code compliance.

Long-Term Value: Beyond the Upfront Cost

While the initial investment in tar roofing might seem substantial, it’s essential to consider the long-term value it offers. The durability and low maintenance requirements of tar roofs can translate into significant cost savings over their lifespan.

Durability and Reduced Maintenance

Tar roofing systems, particularly BUR, are known for their robust construction and resistance to weathering. This inherent durability reduces the frequency of repairs and extends the roof’s lifespan, resulting in lower long-term maintenance costs.

A properly installed and maintained tar roof can easily last 20 to 30 years, sometimes even longer. This longevity minimizes the need for costly replacements, providing substantial savings over time.

A Comparative Cost Analysis

To truly appreciate the long-term value, it’s helpful to compare the cost of tar roofing with other popular roofing options:

• Asphalt Shingles: While initially cheaper, asphalt shingles typically have a shorter lifespan (15-20 years) and require more frequent repairs. Over the long run, the total cost of ownership can exceed that of a tar roof.
• Metal Roofing: Metal roofs offer excellent durability, but their initial cost is generally higher than tar roofing. While maintenance is low, repairs can be complex and expensive.
• TPO Roofing: TPO is often cheaper upfront but may not match the lifespan or waterproofing capabilities of a well-installed BUR system, which could lead to higher life cycle costs.

Ultimately, the optimal roofing choice depends on your specific budget, long-term financial goals, and the unique characteristics of your building. Conduct thorough research, obtain quotes from multiple qualified roofing contractors, and carefully weigh the initial investment against the anticipated long-term savings. This informed decision-making process will ensure that you select a roofing system that provides the best value for your money.

So there you have it – pretty much everything you need to know about tar roofing material! Hopefully, this guide gave you a good understanding of what it’s all about. Good luck with your roofing project!